Ukunakekelwa kwelanga, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuvikelwa kwelanga, kungenye yeizingxenye ezikhula ngokushesha zemakethe yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.Futhi, ukuvikelwa kwe-UV manje sekufakwa emikhiqizweni eminingi yezimonyo esetshenziswa nsuku zonke (isibonelo, imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba sobuso nezimonyo zokuhlobisa), njengoba abathengi beqaphela ngokwengeziwe ukuthi isidingo sokuzivikela elangeni asisebenzi nje kuphela eholidini lolwandle. .
Umenzi wanamuhla wokunakekelwa kwelangakufanele ifinyelele i-SPF ephezulu kanye namazinga okuvikela e-UVA ayinselele, kuyilapho yenza imikhiqizo ibe yinhle ngokwanele ukukhuthaza ukuthobela umthengi, futhi yonge ngokwanele ukuze ikwazi ukuthengeka ezikhathini ezinzima zezomnotho.
Ukusebenza kahle nobuhle eqinisweni kuncike komunye nomunye;ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuvumela imikhiqizo ephezulu ye-SPF ukuthi idalwe ngamaleveli amancane ezihlungi ze-UV.Lokhu kuvumela umenzi wefomula inkululeko enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwesikhumba.Ngokuphambene, ubuhle bomkhiqizo obuhle bukhuthaza abathengi ukuthi basebenzise imikhiqizo eminingi futhi ngenxa yalokho basondelane ne-SPF ebhalwe ukuthi.
Izibaluli Zokusebenza Ongazicabangela lapho Ukhetha Izihlungi ze-UV Zokwakhiwa Kwezimonyo
• Ukuphepha kweqembu elihlosiwe lomsebenzisi wokugcina- Zonke izihlungi ze-UV zihlolwe kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziphephile ngokwemvelo ukuze zisetshenziswe ezihlokweni;kodwa-ke abantu abathile abazwelayo bangase babe nokungezwani nezinhlobo ezithile zezihlungi ze-UV.
• Ukusebenza kahle kwe-SPF- Lokhu kuncike kubude begagasi besilinganiso esiphezulu sokumunca, ubukhulu bokumunca, nobubanzi be-spectrum yokumunca.
• Ukusebenza kahle kokuvikelwa kwe-spectrum / UVA- Izithako zesimanje zokuvikela ilanga ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso ezithile zokuvikela i-UVA, kodwa ngokuvamile okungaqondwa kahle ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwe-UVA nakho kwenza umnikelo ku-SPF.
• Ithonya ekuzweleni kwesikhumba- Izihlungi ezihlukene ze-UV zinemiphumela ehlukene ekuzwa kwesikhumba;isibonelo ezinye izihlungi eziwuketshezi ze-UV zingazizwa "zinamathela" noma "zisinda" esikhumbeni, kuyilapho izihlungi ezincibilika emanzini zenza isikhumba sibe nomuzwa wokoma.
• Ukubukeka esikhumbeni- Izihlungi ze-Inorganic kanye nezinhlayiya eziphilayo zingabangela isikhumba sibe mhlophe uma sisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphezulu;lokhu ngokuvamile akuthandeki, kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (isb. ukunakekelwa kwelanga lomntwana) kungabonakala njengenzuzo.
• Ukuqina kwezithombe- Izihlungi eziningana ze-UV eziphilayo zibola lapho zichayeka ku-UV, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukusebenza kwazo;kodwa ezinye izihlungi zingasiza ekusimamiseni lezi zihlungi "ze-photo-labile" futhi zinciphise noma zivimbele ukubola.
• Ukumelana namanzi- Ukufakwa kwezihlungi ze-UV ezisekelwe emanzini kanye nezisekelwe kuwoyela ngokuvamile kunikeza umfutho obalulekile ku-SPF, kodwa kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufeza ukumelana namanzi.
» Buka Zonke Izithako Zokunakekela Ilanga Ezitholakala Ngokwezentengiselwano Nabahlinzeki Kusizindalwazi Sezimonyo
I-UV Filter Chemistries
Ukusebenza kwesikrini selanga ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswa njengezinto zokuvikela ilanga eziphilayo noma izikhilimu zelanga ezingaphili.Ama-sunscreens aphilayo amunca kakhulu kumaza amaza athile futhi asobala ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.Izinto zokuvikela ilanga ezingaphili zisebenza ngokubonisa noma ngokusakaza imisebe ye-UV.
Masifunde ngabo ngokujulile:
Ama-sunscreens emvelo
Ama-sunscreen e-organic ayaziwa nangokuthiama-sunscreens amakhemikhali.Lawa ahlanganisa ama-molecule emvelo (asekelwe kukhabhoni) asebenza njengezivikela-langa ngokumunca imisebe ye-UV futhi ayiguqulele kumandla okushisa.
I-Organic Sunscreens Amandla & Ubuthakathaka
| Amandla | Ubuthakathaka |
| Ubuhle bezimonyo - izihlungi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, okungaba uketshezi noma okuqinile okuncibilikayo, azishiyi nsalela ebonakalayo endaweni yesikhumba ngemva kokufakwa ekwakhiweni. | I-spectrum emincane - eziningi zivikela kuphela phezu kobubanzi obuncane be-wavelength |
| Izinto eziphilayo zendabuko ziqondwa kahle ngabadidiyeli | “Ama-Cocktail” adingekayo ku-SPF ephezulu |
| Ukusebenza kahle ekugxilweni okuphansi | Ezinye izinhlobo eziqinile zingaba nzima ukuzincibilikisa nokuzigcina zisesisombululo |
| Imibuzo ngokuphepha, ukucasuka kanye nomthelela wemvelo | |
| Ezinye izihlungi ze-organic azinzile isithombe |
Organic sunscreens Izicelo
Izihlungi ze-organic zingasetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo kukho konke ukunakekelwa kwelanga/imikhiqizo yokuvikela i-UV kodwa kungenzeka zingabi zinhle emikhiqizweni yezingane noma yesikhumba esizwelayo ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube nokungezwani komzimba kubantu abazwelayo.Ayifanele futhi imikhiqizo eyenza izimangalo "zemvelo" noma "zemvelo" njengoba wonke angamakhemikhali okwenziwa.
Izihlungi ze-Organic UV: Izinhlobo zamakhemikhali
I-PABA (para-amino benzoic acid) okuphuma kuyo
• Isibonelo: I-Ethylhexyl Dimethyl PABA
• Izihlungi ze-UVB
• Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha
Ama-salicylates
• Izibonelo: I-Ethylhexyl Salicylate, iHomosalate
• Izihlungi ze-UVB
• Izindleko eziphansi
• Ukusebenza okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izihlungi eziningi
AmaCinnamate
• Izibonelo: I-Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, Iso-amyl Methoxycinnamate, Octocrylene
• Izihlungi ze-UVB ezisebenza kahle kakhulu
• I-Octocrylene iyakwazi ukuthwebula izithombe futhi isiza ekuqiniseni isithombe kwezinye izihlungi ze-UV, kodwa amanye ama-cinnamate avame ukungakwazi ukuthwebula izithombe.
Ama-Benzophenones
• Izibonelo: Benzophenone-3, Benzophenone-4
• Nikeza kokubili ukumuncwa kwe-UVB ne-UVA
• Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa kodwa kusiza ukuthuthukisa i-SPF ngokuhlangana nezinye izihlungi
• I-Benzophenone-3 ayivamile ukusetshenziswa eYurophu namuhla ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha
I-triazine ne-triazole derivatives
• Izibonelo: I-Ethylhexyl triazone, i-bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine
• Isebenza kahle kakhulu
• Ezinye izihlungi ze-UVB, ezinye zinikeza isivikelo se-UVA/UVB esibanzi
• Ukuqina kwezithombe okuhle kakhulu
• Kuyabiza
Imikhiqizo ye-Dibenzoyl
• Izibonelo: I-Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM), i-Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (DHHB)
• Izinqamuleli ze-UVA ezisebenza kahle kakhulu
• I-BMDM ayinakho ukuqina kwezithombe, kodwa i-DHHB ikwazi ukuthwebula izithombe kakhulu
I-Benzimidazole sulfonic acid derivatives
• Izibonelo: I-Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid (PBSA), i-Disodium Phenyl Dibenzimidazole Tetrasulfonate (DPDT)
• Amanzi ancibilikayo (uma ancishisiwe ngesisekelo esifanelekile)
• I-PBSA isihlungi se-UVB;I-DPDT isihlungi se-UVA
• Imvamisa ukukhombisa ukusebenzisana nezihlungi ezincibilika uwoyela uma zisetshenziswa zihlangene
Imikhiqizo ye-Camphor
• Isibonelo: 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor
• Isihlungi se-UVB
• Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha
I-Anthranilates
• Isibonelo: I-menthyl anthranilate
• Izihlungi ze-UVA
• Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa
• Akuvunyelwe e-Europe
I-Polysilicone-15
• I-silicone polymer enama-chromophore emaketangeni asemaceleni
• Isihlungi se-UVB
Izikhilimu zelanga ezingaphili
Lawa ma-sunscreen ayaziwa nangokuthi ama-sunscreens angokwenyama.Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlayiya ezingaphili ezisebenza njengezivivinyo zelanga ngokumunca nokusakaza imisebe ye-UV.Izikhilimu zelanga ezingaphili ziyatholakala njengezimpushana ezomile noma ama-pre-dispersions.
I-Inorganic sunscreens Amandla Nobuthakathaka
| Amandla | Ubuthakathaka |
| Iphephile / ayicasuli | Umbono we-aesthetics engeyinhle (imizwa yesikhumba nokuba mhlophe esikhumbeni) |
| I-spectrum ebanzi | Ama-powders angaba nzima ukuwenza ngawo |
| I-SPF ephezulu (30+) ingafinyelelwa ngokusebenza okukodwa (TiO2) | Ama-Inorganics abanjwe engxoxweni ye-nano |
| Ama-Dispersions kulula ukuwafaka | |
| I-Phototable |
Inorganic Sunscreens Applications
Izivikeli zelanga ezingaphili zilungele noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvikela i-UV ngaphandle kokwakheka okucacile noma izifutho ze-aerosol.Zifaneleka kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwelanga kwezingane, imikhiqizo yesikhumba ebucayi, imikhiqizo eyenza izimangalo "zemvelo", nezimonyo zokuhlobisa.
Izihlungi ze-UV ezingaphili Izinhlobo Zamakhemikhali
I-Titanium Dioxide
• Ngokuyinhloko isihlungi se-UVB, kodwa amanye amabanga ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhle kwe-UVA
• Amamaki ahlukahlukene atholakalayo anosayizi abahlukene bezinhlayiyana, okokunamathela njll.
• Amabanga amaningi awela endaweni ye-nanoparticles
• Osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezincane kakhulu basobala kakhulu esikhumbeni kodwa banikeza ukuvikeleka okuncane kwe-UVA;osayizi abakhulu banikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kwe-UVA kodwa aba mhlophe kakhulu esikhumbeni
I-Zinc oxide
• Ngokuyinhloko isihlungi se-UVA;ukusebenza kahle kwe-SPF ephansi kune-TiO2, kodwa inikeza isivikelo esingcono kune-TiO2 endaweni ye-wavelength ende "UVA-I"
• Amamaki ahlukahlukene atholakalayo anosayizi abahlukene bezinhlayiyana, okokunamathela njll.
• Amabanga amaningi awela endaweni ye-nanoparticles
Ukusebenza / Chemistry matrix
Izinga ukusuka ku--5 ukuya ku-+5:
-5: umphumela omubi obalulekile |0: akukho mphumela |+5: umphumela omuhle obalulekile
(Qaphela: ngezindleko nokuba mhlophe, “umphumela ongemuhle” usho izindleko noma ukwenziwa mhlophe kunyusiwe.)
| Izindleko | I-SPF | I-UVA | Ukuzizwa Kwesikhumba | Ukuba mhlophe | Ukuzinza kwesithombe | Amanzi | |
| I-Benzophenone-3 | -2 | +4 | +2 | 0 | 0 | +3 | 0 |
| I-Benzophenone-4 | -2 | +2 | +2 | 0 | 0 | +3 | 0 |
| I-Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine | -4 | +5 | +5 | 0 | 0 | +4 | 0 |
| I-Butyl Methoxy-dibenzoylmethane | -2 | +2 | +5 | 0 | 0 | -5 | 0 |
| I-Diethylamino Hydroxy Benzoyl Hexyl Benzoate | -4 | +1 | +5 | 0 | 0 | +4 | 0 |
| I-Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone | -4 | +4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +4 | 0 |
| I-disodium Phenyl Dibenzimiazole Tetrasulfonate | -4 | +3 | +5 | 0 | 0 | +3 | -2 |
| I-Ethylhexyl Dimethyl PABA | -1 | +4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +2 | 0 |
| I-Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate | -2 | +4 | +1 | -1 | 0 | -3 | +1 |
| I-Ethylhexyl Salicylate | -1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +2 | 0 |
| I-Ethylhexyl Triazone | -3 | +4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +4 | 0 |
| I-Homosalate | -1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +2 | 0 |
| Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate | -3 | +4 | +1 | -1 | 0 | -2 | +1 |
| I-Menthel Anthranilate | -3 | +1 | +2 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 |
| 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor | -3 | +3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 |
| I-Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol | -5 | +4 | +5 | -1 | -2 | +4 | -1 |
| I-Octocrylene | -3 | +3 | +1 | -2 | 0 | +5 | 0 |
| Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid | -2 | +4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +3 | -2 |
| I-Polysilicone-15 | -4 | +1 | 0 | +1 | 0 | +3 | +2 |
| I-Tris-biphenyl Triazine | -5 | +5 | +3 | -1 | -2 | +3 | -1 |
| I-Titanium Dioxide - ibanga elisobala | -3 | +5 | +2 | -1 | 0 | +4 | 0 |
| I-Titanium Dioxide - ibanga elibanzi le-spectrum | -3 | +5 | +4 | -2 | -3 | +4 | 0 |
| I-Zinc oxide | -3 | +2 | +4 | -2 | -1 | +4 | 0 |
Izinto Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kwezihlungi ze-UV
Izibaluli zokusebenza ze-titanium dioxide ne-zinc oxide ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ngazinye zebanga elithile elisetshenzisiwe, isb.ukunamathela, isimo somzimba (impuphu, ukuhlakazeka okusekelwe ku-oyela, ukuhlakazeka kwamanzi).Abasebenzisi kufanele baxhumane nabahlinzeki ngaphambi kokukhetha ibanga elifaneleka kakhulu ukuze bahlangabezane nezinjongo zabo zokusebenza ohlelweni lwabo lokubunjwa.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezihlungi ze-UV ezincibilikayo ezincibilika ngowoyela kuthonywa ukuncibilika kwazo kuma-emollients asetshenziswe ekwakhiweni.Ngokuvamile, ama-polar emollients yizincibilikisi ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlunga izinto eziphilayo.
Ukusebenza kwazo zonke izihlungi ze-UV kuthonywa kakhulu ukuziphatha kwe-rheological kokubunjwa kanye nekhono layo lokwenza ifilimu elinganayo, ehlangene esikhumbeni.Ukusetshenziswa kwabenzi befilimu abafanelekile kanye nezithasiselo ze-rheological ngokuvamile kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezihlungi.
Inhlanganisela Ethakazelisayo yezihlungi ze-UV (ama-synergies)
Kunezinhlanganisela eziningi zezihlungi ze-UV ezibonisa ama-synergies.Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ye-synergistic ngokuvamile ifinyelelwa ngokuhlanganisa izihlungi ezihambisanayo ngandlela thize, isibonelo:-
• Ukuhlanganisa izihlungi ezincibilika uwoyela (noma ezihlakazeke ngamafutha) nezihlungi ezincibilika emanzini (noma ezihlakazeke ngamanzi)
• Ukuhlanganisa izihlungi ze-UVA nezihlungi ze-UVB
• Ukuhlanganisa izihlungi ezingaphili nezihlungi eziphilayo
Kukhona futhi izinhlanganisela ezithile ezingaveza ezinye izinzuzo, isibonelo kwaziwa kahle ukuthi i-octocrylene isiza ekuqiniseni isithombe izihlungi ezithile ze-photo-labile ezifana ne-butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane.
Kodwa-ke umuntu kufanele ahlale ekhumbula impahla yengqondo kule ndawo.Kunamalungelo obunikazi amaningi amboza inhlanganisela ethile yezihlungi ze-UV futhi abadidiyeli bayelulekwa ukuthi bahlale behlola ukuthi inhlanganisela abahlose ukuyisebenzisa ayiphuli noma yimaphi amalungelo obunikazi bezinkampani zangaphandle.
Khetha isihlungi Se-UV Esilungile Sokwakhiwa Kwezimonyo
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zizokusiza ukuthi ukhethe isihlungi esifanele se-UV sokwakheka kwakho kwezimonyo:
1. Beka izinjongo ezicacile zokusebenza, izici zobuhle kanye nezimangalo ezihlosiwe zokwakhiwa.
2. Hlola ukuthi yiziphi izihlungi ezivunyelwe emakethe ehlosiwe.
3. Uma une-chassis ethile yokuklama ofisa ukuyisebenzisa, cabangela ukuthi yiziphi izihlungi ezizolingana naleyo chassis.Kodwa-ke, uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukhethe izihlungi kuqala bese uklama ukwakheka okuzungezile.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezihlungi ze-organic noma ze-particle.
4. Sebenzisa iseluleko esivela kubahlinzeki kanye/noma amathuluzi okuqagela njenge-BASF Sunscreen Simulator ukuze uhlonze izinhlanganisela okufaneleukufeza i-SPF ehlosiwekanye nezinhloso ze-UVA.
Lezi zinhlanganisela zingase zizanywa ekwenziweni.Izindlela zokuhlola i-in-vitro SPF kanye ne-UVA ziwusizo kulesi sigaba ukukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlanganisela ezinikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu ngokuya ngokusebenza - imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokusetshenziswa, ukuchazwa kanye nemikhawulo yalezi zivivinyo ingaqoqwa ngesifundo se-SpecialChem e-training:I-UVA/SPF: Ukuthuthukisa Amaphrothokholi akho Wokuhlola
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kanye nemiphumela yolunye uvivinyo nokuhlola (isb. ukuzinza, amandla okulondoloza amandla, ukuzwa kwesikhumba), inika amandla umdidiyeli ukuba akhethe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu futhi aqondise ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokwakheka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-03-2021